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Dublin: 10 °C Wednesday 22 May, 2013

Column: Ireland needs to reduce childhood obesity, so why are schools cutting PE hours?

Our society has epidemic levels of obesity – so why is the Department of Education reducing the importance of PE in our schools? asks Fergal Lyons.

Fergal Lyons

A SHOCKING 10 per cent of post-primary school pupils receive the minimum of 120 minutes of physical exercise (PE) per week, as recommended by the Department of Education and Skills (DES).

More worryingly, this is the same Department of Education and Skills which has recently recommended in its new Junior Certificate Framework that PE now take the diminished status of a ‘short course’, with the time allocation of just 100 hours over a ‘two or three year period’.

With schools on average providing approximately 150 hours of PE over three years in the current Junior Certificate Curriculum, (a figure that would not meet the DES recommendations) it baffles as to how the Government can cut this time allocation for PE by potentially one third in the new Framework.

Obesity

So the question is: why? In a society where obesity is at epidemic levels and physical inactivity is at an all-time high, has the importance of PE in our schools been overlooked by a department which is saying one thing and doing quite another?

When you look at the figures, this just doesn’t make sense:

  • Three out of every four Irish adults, and four out of five Irish children, do not meet the Department of Health and Children’s National Physical Activity Guidelines (CSPPA, 2010)
  • The recent CSPPA report also showed that one in four children were unfit, overweight, or obese and had elevated blood pressure
  • Physical inactivity is the main cause for approximately 21–25 per cent of breast and colon cancers, 27 per cent of diabetes and 30 per cent of ischaemic heart disease burden in the EU (World Health Organisation, 2013)

It’s time to take action. The fact that the Government is currently focusing on so many health initiatives is completely at odds with their provision for physical education. How the Department of Education and Skills can recommend 120 minutes of PE per week in our secondary schools and not take action upon the fact that only 10 per cent of schools actually deliver this is quite unbelievable.

Change is needed. Schools need to provide every student with the recommended 120 minutes, and at a bare minimum, a double class of PE per week, every week, for all six years of their secondary school lives. The department needs to ensure that PE is a mandatory requirement on all school timetables.

Priority

English, Irish, Mathematics, and in more recent times SPHE, are a requirement on every school curriculum. Why, then, is this not the case for Physical Education? The International Council for Sports Science and Physical Education outlines the contribution PE can make to lifelong endeavours in physical activity:

Physical education in school is the most effective and inclusive means of providing all children, whatever their ability/disability, sex, age, cultural, race/ethnicity, religious or social background, with the skills, attitudes, values, knowledge and understanding for lifelong participation in physical activity and sport.

So, if PE was available to every student for a minimum of two classes per week, then there are two key questions that need answering…

Firstly, are there teachers out there to deliver it? I believe there are. Gone is the day of the science teacher/GAA coach taking a class out to PE with his tracksuit pants tucked into his Doc Martin shoes. With three universities now graduating 160 PE teachers each year, there has never been so many highly-qualified, skilled and enthusiastic teachers to deliver a fully educational broad and balanced PE curriculum.

Mandatory classes

The second key question, quite simply, is can we afford to implement a mandatory approach to PE in our schools?

The reality is – can we afford not to? At a very conservative level, a national action plan to increase the physical activity levels of 10 per cent of the nation (Population estimate of 4.5 million) could ultimately result in annual savings of between €67.5 – €135 million. The social aspects of sport (volunteering, subscriptions to sports clubs, attendance at sports events) had a combined economic value for Ireland of €1.4 billion or 1.26 per cent of GNP in 2003.

Put simply, young people need a minimum of two hours mandatory high-quality PE each week to fight rising levels of inactivity, obesity, type 1 diabetes, depression and other mental health concerns.

Clearly, PE can’t do this alone, but it is a vital cog in the wheel. To tackle these health issues, we need to create opportunities for 5 to 18-year-olds to participate in high-quality sport and physical activities in three interlinked places:  PE, after-school sport, and local clubs. A three-pronged attack.

This requires joined-up thinking with sport and physical activity professionals working together across society. Physical Education teachers are uniquely placed to teach skills that pupils will need to participate in physical activity outside of the PE class and skills they will need for a lifetime of physical activity.

So the biggest question remains. With the proven health, social, mental and economic benefits of physical activity and education, why is the Government hindering rather than helping the delivery of PE to the pupils in our schools?

Fergal Lyons is the President of Physical Education Association of Ireland.

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Comments (51 Comments)

  • I remember hearing in the news, school preventing the kids to run in the playground because of unaffordable insurance costs … could this be part of the issue ?

    Reply
    • yep this is true but thankfully it seems to be in the minority here. try looking up Tim Gill, he does a lot of writing on this and similar issues. But one problem i have with th system here is that the kids breaks are too short. i remember having a full hour for big break. my kids have 30 minutes and feel they have to skip eating some of their pack lunch or they won’t have enough time to play. how can this encourage healthy lifestyles.

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    • I finished school in 2000 and when I was in primary school if we were caught running in the playground we were made stand at the wall for the rest of the break. They didn’t want us falling and hurting ourselves and suing.

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    • my old secondary school has turned their only play yard\ outdoor basketball courts into free parking for their teachers. So much for looking after the interests of children.

      Reply
  • I’m thinking back at my class in primary school ( finished 1995 or thereabouts) and I genuinely can’t remember overweight kids in the class, think maybe 2 fellas were slightly chubby but deffo nothing like some of the kids I see today.

    Our big break was about 40 minutes and we would run around until we were sweaty Betty’s! Even when they banned bulldog!

    I think there are a combination of factors today why kids are overweight, poor meals, lack of education for parents, the wrapped in cotton wool world some parents create for their kids and the busy stressful lives parents are now leading due to both working long hours etc etc.

    IMO good healthy eating and exercise needs to start at home, no point in kids running around for a bit in school to go home to deep fried whatever and a night in front of the computer?

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  • as a parent i think it is the parents responsibility not the schools, as a parent you are responsible for what your child eats, how much time they get running around etc so if your child is obese it is your fault not the schools, the school isn’t there to raise your children, you raise your children!!! take responsibility

    Reply
  • It’s not up to the schools, parents need to teach the kids about exercise, and healthy eating…after all primary school kids don’t do the grocery shopping nor do they cook that much!

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    • Scarr 05/02/13 #

      Kids don’t cook much and nor do done patents judging by the contents of trolleys. Fat parents with chubby children stocking up on multiple 2 ltr bottles of coke, jumbo packs of crisps etc. barely a vegetable to be seen. Some parents need to take a course in nutrition.

      Reply
    • A licensing system for reproduction would go a long way towards tackling this problem.

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    • It’s up to both parents and schools.

      One of the big issues is money. Providing PE facilities is pretty expensive. The kids that get the most activity are the ones who are in rugby/gaa etc teams who end up going off to matches and missing out on the same classes all the time. In the meantime the kids who aren’t on these teams don’t get their PE time.

      IMO these matches that kids have to head out to should be organised outside of school time.

      WRT leaving PE for parents only – it seems like a solution but it’s very much worth having pupils have a level of activity. Concentration levels are better.

      Personally, I think it’d be nice to have a change to the school day – School opens at the same time, starts a little later and allow more space for morning play. Same small break and an hour for lunchtime during which there is again plenty of time for play. Finishing school about an hour later means that parents could potentially have a full day of work and collect the kids on the way home. There really is no reason to not align the school day with the working day.

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  • Quote: Put simply, young people need a minimum of two hours mandatory high-quality PE each week to fight rising levels of inactivity, obesity, type 1 diabetes, depression and other mental health concerns.

    I think you need to change that from type 1 diabetes to type 2. Thats wrong, I KNOW you should change it to type 2.

    Type 1 (diabetes mellitus) is not caused or in any way connected to inactivity….

    Reply
  • Kids are dropped to school in cars, are not allowed to run and jump in the playground for fear of the school being sued, the local playgrounds were closed in the 80′s and “Child friendly” playgrounds are bulit way out of town so that kids have to be driven there (because no one wants the playground at the end of the road to be a hangout in the evening for the teenagers). PE is cut in schools, and organised sport costs a fortune when families are struggling to make ends meet!
    Then we complain that the kids of today are suffering from ADD, ADHD or PDD-NOS and medicate them to the hilt, and wonder why child obesity is on the rise.
    It’s time to let kids be kids and run and jump and play, even if that means breaking a few bones.

    Reply
  • Parents ? Children spend a lot more time at home than they do in school. There is nothing stopping parents taking their kids for exercise after school, join a team, ban the playstation.

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  • Maybe drop religion and make room for mor pe?! Complete utter waste of time for the children…..

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  • Strangely enough research from US shows increased PE has no effect on obesity. Its the parents need to buy and cook healthy foods n switch off the tv. Get kids exercising. Schools haven’t time to sort this problem out. Finland make parents accountable for obese children. This is a parenting issue.

    Reply
  • I’m a secondary school student and we currently receive a measly 40 minutes of PE a week. Take away a few minutes at the beginning and end of the period for changing and you barely get half an hour. In comparison we get 240 minutes a week each in Irish, English and Maths. There is something seriously wrong here. Exercise stimulates the mind, I daresay concentration levels would rise if there were more PE classes.

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  • as a newly qualified PE teacher I strongly agree with all of mr lyons’ points in the above article. As mentioned,3 universities produce a large number of PE graduates each year who have worked hard for 4 years in innovative,well delivered programmes. However due to school’s failing to deliver the recommended amount of PE a week,many of these young teachers are left unemployed. If the government and department of Education don’t do something about this soon,the health of the children of this country will continue to decline. As fergal pointed out,introducing more PE in schools alone will not reduce the level of obesity but a properly administered PE programme will give young people a postive outlook on physical activity which will in turn encourage them to continue to be physical active outside of school and throughout adulthood. This supports the aim of the JCPE curriculum which is to ‘promote a life of autonomous well being’. One of the most popular TV programmes at the moment is ‘Operation Transformation’. I argue that if these candidates had more time in PE at school they would be better able to take responsibility of their own physical fitness and would not need as much help later on in life. We need to take action soon to ensure employment for highly skilled graduates and for the physical fitness of our young people. Afterall,what is more important than our health?

    Reply
  • The European Physical Education Association formulates clear requirements in this topic and by this supports the PEAI:

    There is a need to promote and defend physical education as a core subject in the school curriculum. ‘No education without physical education’.
    Therefore it is necessary to:
    - seek to maintain or achieve compulsory physical education for the period of formal schooling
    - recognize the contribution of physical education within higher education
    - seek sufficient curriculum time in schools for physical education
    *early grades of schooling – daily P.E. (eg. up to 11 or 12 years of age)
    *later grades of schooling – 3 hours per week as outlined in the European charter
    - demand that physical education, as a critical aspect of education must be delivered by teachers who are properly qualified in this subject; within the concept of education existing in each country.

    Reply
  • We should consider adopting a similar model to what they have in Japan, mandatory preschool exercise, it’s been proven to have a positive effect on the mind for learning, as well as the body. Like anything else in life, good exercise habits need to be developed at an early age. It’s such an important issue, both schools & parents need to get involved, poor exercise & dietary habits are the foundations of an unhealthy population.

    Reply
  • When I was in primary school very few of the kids were fat let alone obese, id say probably five and that included two with medical conditions and that was out of a few hundred.

    How anyone can honestly say that the kids of this generation are not fatter when as a country we have approximately 327k kids obese according to the U.N

    I’d suggest that schools start the day with a role call then 30 mins of exercises
    on top of normal lunch breaks and P.E
    and maybe a parent nutrition education course would help.

    Parents buy the food and it’s their responsibility to prepare it.Some are just too lazy or uneducated about nutrition and order takeaways consistently.

    Think of the health conditions that will solely be your fault. Type two diabetes and a host of cardiac problems and most likely some bullying and ridicule by the childs peers.Thats great for a child’s self image and confidence and health,
    Putting the child on the right path to an early grave.Take a bow irresponsible parents.

    Reply
  • Would it not be better to spend time in school educating kids as to the importance of physcial exercise/sport for both their physcial and mental well being, perhaps encouraging them to find the particular sport that suits/interests them. A child who is strugling with their self image is pobably going to struggle further in your average pe class, where as healthy discussion around the importance of it physcial exercise and encouragement to get involved would perhaps do more for them.

    Reply
    • John, this is partly what the department has done. The subject that competes most with PE is SPHE (social, personal and health education). In this class students do learn about the benefits of excercise, among other things, while sitting behind their desks. I think it’s a nuts situation! For one thing, almost all students study science and/or Home Economics where the body’s requirement for excercise is already on the curriculum. So they’re being presented with the same information at least twice.
      I hated PE, mostly because it consisted almost entirely of team sports like basketball and hockey, and I was crap at them. But PE can be better and from what I hear has much improved with kids being given the oppurtunity to sample different sports and activities, in the hope that one or more will stick. A positive, low-pressure experience of physical activity does more for children than any hypothetical classroom discussion.

      Reply
  • jrbmc 05/02/13 #

    It’s not lack of PE that makes children over weight it’s what they eat !!

    Reply
    • Actually, it’s both.

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    • Scarr 05/02/13 #

      @rob – so if kids ate a balanced diet, free of junk and processed foods and sugars, and instead ate their daily calorific intake of fruits and veg they’d still be overweight! Interesting indeed.

      Reply
    • What world do you live in Scarr?

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    • Actually they would. Even healthy foods have calories and if you take in more than you use up the excess has to go somewhere on the body!

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    • Eating healthily may help reduce obesity levels but will not make kids physically fit. Structured PE classes of 120 minutes per week need to be maintained in order for young people to attain at least an adequate level of physical fitness. People arguing about negative attitudes they have of PE from their own school days of 10, 20, 30 years ago need to realise that modern day graduates offer a totally different outlook on PE and the standard of PE lessons cater for all ages and abilities in a wide variety of activities. If only the government backed and supported PE teachers this obesity and physical fitness problem we are currently faced with could solved.

      Reply
  • In my day we cycled to school, played football & handball in yard & cycled home, we were all happy & healthy
    These days, too many parents are leaving their kids to school in cars & too many schools don’t do enough PE,
    or allow kids to run around, add to this fast food & sugar drinks = overweight kids with serious medium/long term health issues. This is not a complicated issue to solve, its common sense.

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  • Yes there should be more exercise for kids and it should be encouraged and supported strongly. BUT there needs to be just as much (if not more) emphasis placed on proper nutrition and education. It’s about setting them up ready for the future.
    I don’t know a lot of adults who continued doing as much sport as they did as children. But looking back – all the children who ate healthier continue to eat well more or less. Yes, of course, this was down to the parents. And in an ideal world, every parent would do the same but that ain’t happening.
    Honestly in an ideal world we’d scrap mandatory religion and introduce a cooking/nutrition class. Even if these classes were once every two weeks think of the knowledge gained.

    Reply
  • There are all sorts of reasons why you could argue for more PE, but childhood obesity is not one of them.

    The link between anything but sustained, frequent high level exercise and weight loss or maintenance is tenuous. While even mild to moderate exercise has all sorts of benefits for your health and your mental well being, weight loss is not one of them and repeated studies have shown this to be the case. It’s food. That’s what matters.

    No PE class can claim to be more than light to (at best) moderate exercise and the truth is those kids who most need it are the ones who will put least effort in and get least benefit.

    I also think the idea that PE will foster a lifetime habit of exercise is wildly optimistic. Can any slim and active person here honestly say that it’s down, even in part, to PE in school? It’s much more likely to be due to a mixture of diet and a love of taking part in sport. Sports participation and PE are NOT the same thing, a compulsory PE class is not going to magically turn any kid who loathes taking part in sport into an enthusiastic team player. It’s just not happening. That comes from somewhere else entirely.

    Can’t blame an organisation who are fighting to maintain PE jobs for floating anything they think will gain them sympathy though, we all want to hang onto what work we have.

    Reply
  • What do people expect Physical Edcuation to be. Do you a) See it as a class which promotes physical literacy and lifelong physical activity for your children or b) See it as a class whcih contributes to your child’s overall physical activity? I’d like to hear people’s opinion on what they perceive the role of PE to be?

    Reply
    • B. please Brian.

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    • I think school P.E. lessons should actually be both an education in the reasons why we exercise and all the associated physiological benefits. This in addition to exposing children to a multitude of exercises so that they may realise fitness can be fun and social. This type of learning I believe will empower children to make an informed decision as to which type of activity they would adhere to over their whole life

      Reply
    • If I had a choice, I’d bring in a mandatory 30 min bout of exercise everyday before school starts… 2 reasons – make sure kids get at least 30 mins PA/day… and for the learning benefits a child will get for the day ahead from exercise.

      However, PE (primary school) should be about developing fundamental movement skills and increasing the coordination levels of kids so that when it comes the time in their life to focus on a sport they’ll have required motor skills and abilities to excel in their sport. Most kids have the opportunity to play sports in the evenings/weekends. Far too often we see kids coming through to a high level of sport without the required levels of coordination and therefore trying to play catchup with their coordination into their late teenage years.

      There is no reason why teachers can’t fully exploit their resources and design lessons to develop the fundamental skills while using a games-based approach can improve their physical activity levels while improving fundament movements skills. New Zealand have a great resource in this department…

      I believe that when kids play sport, they implicitly learn that its good for them. they dont necessarily need to know why or how its good for them, but from the release of endorphins, increases in physical capacities, increases in fitness levels they know its good for them. once they reach secondary level then i feel education should be of more importance and PE should be introduced into an examinable LC subject.

      Reply
    • I think it should be doing both, but it currently does neither. PE needs to be compulsory if children are to realise its significance. They are currently oblivious to the importance of physical activity from a health perspective, and should be educated about why being active and getting fit is so important. Perhaps, PE should be more closely aligned with a restructured biology program, teaching children how our body responds to exercise and being active, and of course, how being physically inactive can, and will, seriously impact their future health. Drastic steps must be taken to make PE a priority in every school. Increasing physical activity and fitness level needs to be as important as improving results in maths or Irish. In order to get every child active, PE needs to be all-inclusive, catering for all interests, and not just those who participate in the major team sports. PE should teach every child the importance of implementing an active lifestyle from an early age.

      Reply
  • If their so worried about kids falling and suing. Let them run on the grass!

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  • Because the purpose of our education system is to produce fat computer programmers for U.S. multinational corporations. It’s the smart economy.

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  • This is a crazy decision. Surely it us time we made the health of Irelands children a priority. With the obesity and health issues currently facing children should the time allocated for PE not be going up? You have to wonder where the govts head is at reading this?

    Reply
  • Yes, PE stands for physical EDUCATION. Simply put, children need to be educated about exercise and diet, along the same lines as junior cert level SPHE but at a more practical level. For example: do children, young adults and even parents know that a potato does NOT count as one of your 5 fruit and veg a day and that 45 mins of moderate intensity exercise 3-5 times a week is required to AVOID becoming obese.

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  • I was trying to encourage my daughters school to start a breakfast club to ensure every child was starting the day with a breakfast but I was told the budget was spent on tennis lessons, while I don’t object to tennis I think a child who may have eaten nothing since whatever dinner they had the previous evening is better able to learn with a breakfast inside them. I can’t understand why pe has to be so formal we had what you would now call circuit training in primary school.

    Reply
    • Barry 05/02/13 #

      Helena, why should the school look after breakfast though?

      Breakfast is the job of the parents…BEFORE the kids go to school, not the teachers. Some parents need to take some responsibility for the kids they have.

      Leaving kids go to school without breakfast is a failing of the parents, if parents don’t feed kids in the evening after school do you expect the school to feed them instead?

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  • I loved PE at school, a lot of the class used to try and find excuses not to take part, this was in the 80′s there where very few over weight kids then, no shortage of them now

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  • Fergal you are drastically overstating the case for PE, and it is obvious why, it is a self serving argument.
    The article of course is an opinion piece, and a bias is expected, complete myopic spin is another matter.

    There are so many holes in your case, ill only mention a few…..

    1. Is lack of physical exercise the consensus cause of childhood obesity? Answer NO. It will contribute, but shit cheap processed foods, and high sugar content, and lazy parent giving money for chips at lunch are far bigger culprits.
    2. Your statistics refer to adult health effects of inactivity, where are the childhood ones? You are inferring that these adults would be more active if they had more PE in schools. There is no reason to believe this, so your stats are irrelevant.
    3. You ask the question can we afford it, then avoid answering your own question with a cop out “can we afford not too”.
    4. You say 2 hours a week “could” result in some arbitrary saving……the “could” game is fun, but come on, it is a little weak.
    5. You talk about the social aspects of sports etc……again without any tangible link to P.E. An interesting factoid but once again irrelevant to your subject (unless you use very loose and shaky links based on assumptions and guesswork)

    Don’t you agree that a mature, well balanced, intelligent honest and justified opinion that supported more PE teachers would be worthy of respect and consideration.

    This piece however has none of that.

    Reply
  • The PE system needs more improvement than just being given more time though. It needs to stop being a filler class run by whatever teacher had free time or who wasn’t up to teaching the more academic subjects, and it needs to stop farming out so much to the local sports clubs. The ISC’s had plans for teaching PE in a structured way for years now, but how many schools have even heard of things like LTPAD, let alone have a structured PE curriculum in place? Mostly it’s just haphazardly organised games based completely off whatever equipment and facilities the school happened to have or was able to raise money for. And if it’s a minority sport, forget about finding it in a school at all.

    Reply
  • To be honest I think we have the same amount of fat kids we had when I was a kid,and to be honest a few of them lost the puppy fat and are at right weight

    Reply
    • I have to disagree go to any shopping centre on the weekend look at the kids in fast food joints. Look at the previous yearbook photos that most schools have on the walls of there halls.Kids in this generation have PS3 Xbox ipad etc and it’s so easy for parents to order crap at a touch of a button or a feedme.ie

      I rang a top dietician centre about four years ago to get a specalised sports diet and had to wait 6weeks for an appointment! I queried why it was such a long wait and the receptionist bluntly said it’s due to an obesity epidemic.
      300+ thousand kids obese is not puppy fat !

      Reply
  • My son has PE on Mondays and Wednesdays, but last week when I asked him on the Monday how was PE he said they didn’t do it cause the hall wasn’t free so he said he had to wear his track suit the next day for PE, on that day he never got to do it again and when I asked why he said he didn’t know because the teacher never said why… So then Wednesday came and again no PE and no reason… Just as well he has football at weekends to run around, so far this week he has had PE but I will be asking why if it happens again!

    Reply
  • Because this Government believes everybody must suffer, even the children.

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  • It’s not just up to parents. We know we can’t rely on every parent to actually have the Physical Education required to teach their kids, but a proper syllabus will teach kids the importance of staying fit. Also a large part of it is playing organised team sports and using equipment not available at home.

    Reply

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