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Dublin: 15 °C Saturday 25 May, 2013

18 years ago: Northern Ireland as the IRA ceasefire began

The Troubles were far from over on 1 September 1994, but for the first time in many decades, the people of Northern Ireland seemed optimistic about peace.

Image: PA Archive/Press Association Images

ON THE FIRST day of September in 1994, the Irish Republican Army set down its arms, stating it favoured peace talks instead of warfare.

Although previous IRA ceasefires had dissolved in waves of violence, this one was labelled a historic moment for the island of Ireland as it came in the midst of intensive political talks which included Sinn Féin, referred to as the political arm of the Republican movement, for the first time.

Although it was only a cautious optimism, 18 years ago today many in Belfast rejoiced. Crowds gathered on the streets, flags were waved and car horns tooted. However, Sinn Féin leader warned that the struggle was not over but merely entering a “new phase”.

The announcement was first made through RTÉ on 31 August after a cassette message and statement were issued to reporter Charlie Bird by an intermediary.

That IRA statement in full:

Recognising the potential of the current situation and in order to enhance the democratic process and underlying our definitive commitment to its success, the leadership of the IRA have decided that as of midnight, 31 August, there will be a complete cessation of military operations. All our units have been instructed accordingly.

At this crossroads the leadership of the IRA salutes and commends our volunteers, other activists, our supporters and the political prisoners who have sustained the struggle against all odds for the past 25 years. Your courage, determination and sacrifice have demonstrated that the freedom and the desire for peace based on a just and lasting settlement cannot be crushed. We remember all those who have died for Irish freedom and we reiterate our commitment to our republican objectives. Our struggle has seen many gains and advances made by nationalists and for the democratic position.

We believe that an opportunity to secure a just and lasting settlement has been created. We are therefore entering into a new situation in a spirit of determination and confidence, determined that the injustices which created this conflict will be removed and confident in the strength and justice of our struggle to achieve this.

We note that the Downing Street Declaration is not a solution, nor was it presented as such by its authors. A solution will only be found as a result of inclusive negotiations. Others, not the least the British government have a duty to face up to their responsibilities. It is our desire to significantly contribute to the creation of a climate which will encourage this. We urge everyone to approach this new situation with energy, determination and patience.

18 years ago: Northern Ireland as the IRA ceasefire began
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  • IRA Ceasefire

    On 30 August, there were rumours floating about Northern Ireland about a possible ceasefire which could help end 25 years of violence in the area. Image: McCullou/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    A screenshot from the RTÉ broadcast revealing the momentous occasion.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Taoiseach Albert Reynolds and Minister for Foreign Affairs Dick Spring express their views on the IRA ceasefire at a press conference on 31 August 1994. Image: Photocall Ireland.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    James Molyneaux, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party, arrives in Downing Street for talks on 31 August 1994.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Northern Ireland Secretary Sir Patrick Mayhew leaves 10 Downing Street after talks with Prime Minister John Major following the ceasefire announcement. Image: Fiona Hanson/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Northern Ireland Secretary Sir Patrick Mayhew and Minister of State for Northern Ireland Michael Ancram answer questions outside 10 Downing Street following the ceasefire announcement on 31 August 1994. Image: Fiona Hanson/PA Archive/Press Association Images
  • IRA Ceasefire

    A statement issued by British Prime Minister John Major after the announcement. He said he was "greatly encouraged" by the IRA promise of peace.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    A soldier on patrol on the Falls Road, Belfast, talks to some locals following the IRA ceasefire announcement on 31 August.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Penny Dundas from Belfast with her baby Grace, born in Belfast City Hospital as the IRA announced its ceasefire. Photographers went to local hospitals on the momentous day to record the birth of a new era. Image: Tim Ockenden/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    This day 18 years ago, residents of the Shankill Road burn the Irish tricolour during a Loyalist protest.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Lisa Stewart holds her newborn son, who was yet to be named, for a photograph. He was the first baby born at the Belfast Jubilee Maternity Hospital after the IRA ceasefire came into effect. Photographers were keen to record the first babies born into a new era for Northern Ireland. Image: McCullou/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Minutes after the IRA ceasefire came into effect, crowds of nationalists gather outside Springfield Road Police Station to celebrate.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Sinn Féin Councillor Alex Maskey (centre) at Springfield Road Police Station in the early hours of 1 September.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    The tricolour is placed on top of the Springfield Road police station in West Belfast. Image: Tim Ockenden/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    A family celebrates the announcement on 31 August.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Sinn Féin President Gerry Adams addresses the crowd at Connolly House. He is watched by Martin McGuinness on 31 August 1994.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Sinn Féin's London representative Gerry MacLochlainn and Northern Ireland chairperson Mitchel McLaughlin at a news conference in London after the announcement. Image: Buller/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    A woman celebrates the news on 31 August in a cavalcade of cars on the Falls Road in Belfast. Image: Mccullou/PA Archive/Press Association Images
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Loyalists demonstrate on Belfast's Shankill Road. Image: McCullou/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    A resident of the Shankill Road waves a UDA flag in Belfast in the early hours of the 1 September 1994. Image: McCullou/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Minutes after the IRA ceasefire came into effect on 1 September, crowds of Nationalists gathered outside Springfield Road Police Station in West Belfast. Image: McCullou/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    An IRA supporter paints on the wall of the Springfield Road Police Station just as the ceasefire came into being. Image: McCullou/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    Republicans celebrate the beginning of the IRA ceasefire in West Belfast. Image: McCullou/PA Archive
  • IRA Ceasefire

    The crowd which Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams addressed at Connolly House, Belfast following the ceasefire announcement.
  • IRA Ceasefire

    A message painted on a wall at Belfast's Shankill Road.

The ceasefire was broken 17 months later when two people were killed in a bomb explosion in the docklands area of London. The IRA admitted responsibility and was universally condemned.

The Good Friday Agreement was signed two years later.

Related: “Charlie Bird, RTÉ News”: 29 pictures that sum up the intrepid Mr Bird>

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In Pictures: Martin McGuinness meets and shakes hands with Queen Elizabeth II>

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Comments (43 Comments)

  • Mjhint 01/09/12 #

    Imagine baby grace is now 18 years old & she does not know of the violence in the North prior to her birth other than archives. Its one of the great accomplishments on this island but we must not take it for granted. The peace process is far from over.

    Reply
  • Resel 01/09/12 #

    That’s a whole generation of children who are now adults that have not known the troubles. There is no going back now.

    Reply
    • While there is indeed a whole generation who are now adults that have not directly known the troubles, there is still so much to do. For instance, among three year olds, 50% are already aware of sectarian symbols while 90% of six year olds are aware of what is a Catholic of Protestant symbol; they already are aware what ‘side’ of the community they belong to.

      The sectarian and hatred is still there from the beginning. This must be the next stage of the peace process as you right said there’s ‘no going back now’. More must be done to bring the two communities together after the 18 years of peace, however impossible it might sound.

      Reply
  • Truly, a great good-news story.

    Reply
  • Mjhint 01/09/12 #

    I said at the start of this thread the peace process is far from over. By the tone of some of the comments here its an accurate acessment.

    Reply
  • I remember 18 years ago in our first Irish class of the new school year being taught the word “síocháin” by the headmaster. Our school was right next to an Irish army barracks (since decommissioned) and about 10 miles south of the border.

    Reply
  • Wonderful moment in the troubled History of this little Island.
    Even if it was only the beginning of the end of one of the most prolonged “wars” of its time, in the World.

    We went from the grimness of no hope overnight – to very cautious optimism, of the prospect of a cautious “peace”

    Could one ever have imagined that since then , the two extremities on the political scene then , DUP & SF now share equally the governing of that small corner of Ireland , while SF have become the biggest of all of the 32 County political Parties operating in Ireland here.

    Amazing eighteen years allright !

    Reply
    • You are right, the peace process has benefited everyone enormously, both in a personal and business sense….on a side note Eddie and I don’t mean to rain on your parade but the “little corner of ireland” I presume you are referring to is a constituent country called Northern Ireland and SF are the 4th largest party in the Republic of Ireland and the 2nd largest in Northern Ireland.

      Reply
  • 18 years ago loyalists burn a Tri colour. 18 years on, nothing has changed.

    Reply
    • At least Loyalist para’s aren’t murdering Catholics anymore, not to mention a plethora of other changes. There’s relative peace now, ingrained sectarian attitudes take longer to overcome though.

      Reply
    • Glen 01/09/12 #

      Does your definition of sectarianism also include radical republicanism? At least Catholic terrorists aren’t murdering Protestant innocents now.
      Unless in your statement if you can’t label people then sorry, sectarianism will live on..

      Reply
    • Depends what your definition of “radical republicanism” is, but if it’s merely extreme Irish nationalism, well then yes it does contain a sectarian element. I wasn’t trying to label anyone, merely pointing out the absence of paramilitarism as a positive change.

      Reply
    • Glen 01/09/12 #

      Ah, agreed Liam!

      Reply
  • Unfortunately there still remains a section of society in the North who wish to see the pointless sectarian hatred and violence continue. The Troubles will never be truly over until that caustic hatred fully subsides.

    Reply
  • The people of N.I can claim to be british or irish and see themselves as either.Alot of students from both back grounds are claiming to be irish so they can get into U.K universities.Cross border bodies are becoming more important to both goverments.the border is becoming a thing of the past.When Scotland breaks away from the union it will be they end of the u.k as we know it.

    Reply
  • Toorkeel – I hate to have to correct you for your kind comments , but I at all times referred to Ireland , the Island of .

    It would benefit you to acknowledge , even at this stage that we are on the unstoppable train to being a United People on our little Island & SF are the largest Party contesting the electoral system in every Constituency in Ireland – fact !

    Reply
    • Eddie – take a chill pill mate, Toorkeel is right. A United Ireland will only occur when the majority in NI vote for it to occur. That isn’t going to happen anytime soon. As for SF being the largest 32 county party, to my knowledge they are the only 32 county party.

      Reply
    • The Green Party are also 32 county.

      Eddie – There ain’t gonna be a united Ireland in any of our lifetimes. In fact, I’m yet to be convinced there’ll ever be one. The GFA has legitimised norn iron.

      Reply
    • You are correct as in the landmass we inhabit is indeed, “Ireland”. In that landmass there are two countries, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The Republic gave up her claim on Northern Ireland, a large majority voted for this to happen in order to help progress the peace process As for the unstoppable train you speak of, correct me if wrong but did a recent Northern Ireland Life and Times poll show that 72% of those polled from across both communities were happy for Northern Ireland not to “reunite” with the Republic and remain as they are. I understand it can be easy to be blinded by the SF propoganda machine when its full flow so I will allow you that and just to reiterate, SF are not the largest party in either NI or ROI, granted they may hold the majority in a few. It’s bums on seats that count and SF don’t have the said bums on seats to make them a majority party in either NI or ROI.

      Reply
    • Mjhint 01/09/12 #

      Eddie you made a very good point about the extremities of SF & DUP joining forces to govern the north. In my view we still have sectarian problems in the north but hopefully over the generations we can heal these divides which are present within the groups that support both parties. However if we succeed to heal this sectarian divide & change attitudes dont be too surprised if extreme attitudes changing also change extreme politics. A move towards moderate ideas in the north will be the death of the DUP & SF.

      Reply
    • Nicely put Eddie but janey watch out the anti SF brigade won’t be too happy with your predictions and statement.

      Add SF in a positive way to any comment and expect a back lash of red thumbs and ignorance.

      It is indeed inevitable under the good friday agreement that a united Ireland will happen. As to when that will be is the million dollar question.

      Bear in mind that the very same anti SF commenters are from the same ilk who professed that there will never be peace in the six counties of Ireland in their lifetime. Low and behold they were wrong and I hope time will prove them wrong again in my lifetime. It would be a very proud day to be Irish in a united Ireland when that day inevitably comes around.

      Reply
  • toorkeel 01/09/12 #

    Fair point Eddie, in that case define “United People”?

    Reply
  • Dear Petr & Neil ,
    I wish that you both might read both my contributions again !
    Nowhere in my remarks did I even mention a United Ireland – what I did refer to was a – United People !
    A People United so much that we will in future appreciate each ones heritage and beliefs – & that the Civil Rights so richly fought for on both sides of our little island , will never be eroded from all of us again.

    In regards to the Green Party , I acknowledge that they do have a 32 County presence – but in fairness , no longer a significant electoral success overall . A pity too , as they too made a significant contribution to the Irish political system in the last twenty years.

    Reply
  • If tomorrow the Queen was to rule the Republic nobody would lift a finger.

    Reply
    • Sad thing is if this country was to be used as a toxic waste dump for every nuclear reactor in the world, most people here wouldn’t lift a finger.

      There is an addiction to being crapped on here.

      Reply
  • As a proud Ulsterman, I am happy that there is no more hindrance to Northern Ireland being British and an important part of the United Kingdom.

    For far too long have the IRA intimidated our people and denied us peace. Thanfully the fight is over and it worked out in our favour.

    I’m glad that my children can grow up proud, free, and most importantly, British in Northern Ireland.

    Reply
    • There were atrocities on both sides William, keep it unbiased.

      Reply
    • Hardly an important part it has and probally will remain a drain on the good english tax payer.Saying that its not that the republic can afford to keep ye afloat either.

      Reply
    • As a proud Irishman, I am happy that there is no more hindrance to my fellow Irishmen in Ulster having equal rights and playing an important part in the Stormont government.
      For far too long the fanatical Loyalist regime has intimidated our people and denied us peace. Thanfully the fight is over and it worked out in our favour.
      I’m glad that my fellow Irishmen can grow up proud, free, and most importantly, Irish in Northern Ireland.

      Reply
    • The fight is over and this has worked out in everyone’s favour. Please explain how you have benefitted more than anyone else?

      Reply
  • And in the republic – keep it unbiased Eoghan.

    Reply
  • Shame it took 25 years and hundreds of cowardly murders before the IRA accepted defeat

    Reply
  • I would like to see a united Ireland within the United Kingdom.

    Reply
  • I agree with you totally William.

    Reply

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