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Dublin: 8 °C Tuesday 21 May, 2013

Babies born by Caesarian more susceptible to developing allergies

Researchers said they believe exposure to bacteria in the birth canal is a major influencer on a baby’s immune system.

Image: Child sneezing image via Shutterstock

BABIES BORN BY Caesarian section are more at risk of developing allergies by age two, according to new research by Henry Ford Hospital in the United States.

Researchers found that babies born by C-section are five times more likely to develop allergies than babies born naturally when exposed to high levels of common allergens in the home such as those from dogs, cats and dust mites.

Lead author of the study, Christine Cole Johnson, said this further advances the hypothesis that early childhood exposure to microorganisms affects the immune system’s development and onset of allergies.

“We believe a baby’s exposure to bacteria in the birth canal is a major influencer on their immune system,” she said.

Researchers enrolled 1,258 newborns from 2003-2007, and evaluated them at four age intervals – one month, six months, one year and two years.

Data was collected from the baby’s umbilical cord and stool, blood samples from the baby’s mother and father, breast milk and household dust, as well as family history of allergy or asthma, pregnancy variables, household pets, tobacco smoke exposure, baby illnesses and medication use.

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Comments (55 Comments)

  • My best friend was born by C section 40 years ago. Whatever about allergies, it did leave some odd side effects. He always exits his car via the sun roof…

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  • Both my girls were vaginal births both have asthma and allergies, the eldest is allergic to strawberries and suffers with excezma and dermititis, then dust, pollen, pet hair etc effect them both. Both had fluid on their lungs and were 2 weeks (maybe even more on first as docs were off with dates and her skin was dry and cracked all over) overdue.. So there’s many reasons why kids get allergies..

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  • DMcE 25/02/13 #

    Just recently read about this…apparently there are over 2000 species of bacteria “down there” and some are passed on to a kid during normal childbirth. The theory is that some bacteria boost the immune system or even help with breaking down lactose in milk etc (National Geographic jan 2013).

    Reply
  • Rkmr 25/02/13 #

    The article isn’t saying if your born by c-section you’ll have allergies and if born naturally you’ll have none, it’s saying c-section increases the risk of allergies. Any child can get allergies but statistically your more likely too if born by c-section. We are lucky to have the option of c-section as it definitely saves lives of mums and babies but the rates of c-sections are increasing and we need to figure out why. It seems women are losing faith in their bodies abilities to give birth without medical intervention.

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    • Welcome to the Brave New World, where playgrounds are disused for being too dangerous, PE is on the decline because it reinforces values about persistent winners and losers, and children are given non-gender reinforcing presents in case that little girl or boy might want be be something different.

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    • I think a c-section is just a very first world thing to do and being first world increases your risk of allergies. Vaginas are not the only place you can find bacteria. In fact there are bacteria everywhere, all the time.

      We mostly have immune problems now because we are exposed to a lot more chemicals than we used to be, less parasties and that is combined with a much higher rate of detection. Do you think anyone cared if you had asthama or cracked skin 100 years ago? No. Bigger problems. Try Polio.

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    • Don’t be silly RKMR! It’s a case of medicine not taking any chances !!

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    • Dgar 25/02/13 #

      C-sections are not generally resulting from women having less faith in their bodies. Consultants are pushing inductions & sections as reduces exposure to risks for the hospital. Full term in consultants opinion seems to be 40 weeks & sadly hospitals seem very wary after this.

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    • Rkmr 26/02/13 #

      100% agree with you but if women were more informed and more confident in themselves and their bodies they would have the confidence to decline these interventions. My consultant wanted to book me in for induction as I was 2 days overdue an estimated due date I declined. She told me I was putting my child at risk which is not true, I had fully informed myself and the risks if both induction and going overdue. While in labour I was progressing great managing pain without anything but I was being pressured into having my waters broken again I declined. My midwife agreed with me after the consultant had left that there was no need for my wages to be broken. If they had been broken labour may have speed up rapidly and caused many different things like needing epidural or have a serious tear. I had neither had a fully natural birth with gas and air and I believe it is because I fully informed myself about birth and interventions. I meditated while pregnant, practiced positive affirmations and had full confidence in myself and my body

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    • Dgar
      Term is anything from 37 weeks to 41 weeks and consultants vary in their induction and sections rates. It also varies between private and public women or if women are in midwifery led units.

      Reply
  • I have 3 kids 2 girls, both natural birth. Eldest has asthma second girl has eczema. My youngest boy was a cesarean and has a clean bill if health! My brother was a cesarean and has both asthma and eczema. I do think there might be truth in the research!

    Reply
  • This kind of research is not to be sneezed at.

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    • gerry 25/02/13 #

      My 4 kids were born by C section. Three of them are over 3 and not one allergy between them. They have tried most foods and been in most situations. Plus we have had dogs, have an in house cat and I’ve tried to expose them to as much as I could

      Reply
    • Both mine diagnosed with allergies, the eldest 7 only within the last year and the youngest under 3 also when we had him tested. I don’t think either your or my case gives a definitive opinion but its good to see the research being carried out.

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  • Four kids by C section and not an allergy between them!

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  • This was talked about at the time my son was born nearly 17 years ago. Made sense to me then that this process of natural birth has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years… I think the getting squeezed in the birth canal also helps their breathing by squeezing the fluid out of their lungs too…
    I guess we all know what we have to do to give our babies the best chance of health – a natural birth, exclusive breast-feeding for six months, and letting them get exposed to bacteria in the environment are all proven to make them less likely to have distressing illnesses like allergies and asthma – and also stuff like sudden infant death syndrome.
    I suppose it is a choice, but at least we should expect medical professionals to keep doing their duty by explaining and promoting the practices that will help babies (who cannot speak for themselves) to be healthy.

    Reply
  • My son was born with just gas and oxygen !! and has asthma. Go figure. Is this just to frighten women into not having a caesarean?

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    • Rkmr 25/02/13 #

      I don’t think anyone wants to frighten women about c-sections. It’s a major surgery and I’m sure any women who is having a planned or emergency c-section will have some fear of it the same as fear of natural childbirth.

      Reply
    • js1711 26/02/13 #

      I was wondering similar. There was another article recently about baby getting breast fed within first hour reducing risks also. Of course if you have a Caesarian you don’t see your baby for a couple of hours.

      Reply
    • I’m not sure how it’s done in Ireland these days but certainly here in Australia a mother will have her baby on her chest in minutes after a c-section (assuming the baby is healthy). Ther’s no reason to separate them.

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    • Rkmr 26/02/13 #

      Yes this is called kangaroo care I think I don’t think it is very common here. I guess it all depends on what anesthetic you have if its epidural and baby and mum are fine there’s no reason why baby can’t be with mum straight away. Ifs it’s general anesthetic then obviously then this is not possible think its very important for dad to have skin to skin with baby in this situation

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    • It’s done here routinely too unless baby needs to go to neo natal unit.

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    • Rkmr 26/02/13 #

      That’s great what hospital are you in?

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    • js1711 26/02/13 #

      When I had a c section my baby was taken away. I assume for the surgeon to sew me back up which takes a while. I was then sent to recovery for about an hour or more. All this was with an epidural.

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    • Rkmr 26/02/13 #

      Js Were you told why your baby could not stay with you while the surgeon finished? It’s possible to get all your medical notes from your birth, you just write to your hospital and request them:)

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    • js1711 26/02/13 #

      It was just hospital procedure. I was told it would happen on the night before baby was born. Maybe I should have objected in retrospect.

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    • Where did you have the baby?

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    • Rkmr 26/02/13 #

      Don’t worry yourself about it, you have your baby now :) don’t feel you have to share what hospital but you can complain at yoursay@hse.ie
      From what I have heard this can be common in most maternity hospitals. I think things like this need to be reported because nothing will change if women don’t make their voices heard. Women could teach the mostly male consultants a thing or two about birth.

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    • What I should have said was frighten women off Ceasareans because insurance companies are finding it too expensive to cover. I think in the UK a few years bsck there was some discussion about insurance companies refusing to cover Caesareans except in case of medical emergencies.

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  • Kangaroo care is actually standard here and dads get skin on skin contact here too. I don’t think women have lost faith in themselves giving birth and choose c section easily !sometimes its a matter of safety and who cares once mum and baby are safe its still giving birth to a new life. I meditate I used to do yoga and several holistic treatments and still had a section even though my 1st child was a vaginal birth, as I have a tilted pelvis i choose section i avoided an emergency situation, I choose an elective section and my son was brought into the world in a calm beautiful way that wasnt harmful for us both. C section or vaginally I would never make a remark about how anyone chooses to have their kids there are too many reasons and who am I to judge. Its beautiful and wonderful no matter what

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  • my son was born by c section and although they do need to collect the bacteria for immunity that is true I think its hard to say for sure they will het allergies.My mum had me naturally and I’ve always suffered from allergies I had my daughter naturally and she has them so shes got them from me so its prob genetic. its so its hard to pin point I guess. You have to look at the health of the mum while carrying the kids lots of people smoke and wonder why their kids have inhalers ! Wheezing sneezing etc the quality of food their eating while they are pregnant. There is a huge debate about breast feeding too yet lots of children thrive and have never been breast fed! Think there are way too many other factors to just pin point it to this.genetics plays a big part I think. Interesting article though.

    Reply
  • This is true. My son was born this way and has an unhealthy cough when he meets the dust in the air. He also has an allergy to fresh fish and breaks out in a little rash.

    My next son will be born this way also in three weeks and I guess I will have to deal with more allergies in the home. Bring it on then the work never ends. Lol

    Reply
    • You cannot attribute the C-section to your child’s cough or allergy to fresh fish based on this research.

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    • Ha ha i was waiting for someone to say it.

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    • Rkmr 25/02/13 #

      It is possible to have a natural birth after a pervious c-section maybe it’s something you and your family could look into. Of course I don’t know your situation and maybe there is a medical reason why your wife needs one, if so then exclusive breastfeeding will help to boost the immune system and gut flora. Good luck with the birth what ever way it happens :)

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    • And why not? Does a factor of ’5′ times in a study of over 1,000 babies over a number of years not sufficient data? Both my children had no option but be delivered in this fashion and both suffer with allergies so WTF do u know? Show me or quote me comparative study indicating the opposite and maybe I’ll consider your 2 line analysis

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    • John there are a number of studies that say asthma and allergies are caused by not being breast fed, fed solid food to early, genetics, food the mother ate during pregnancy may also cause allergies the list goes on and on so you can take your pick and believe what you like.

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    • Hi Karla, agree, but that shouldn’t be a reason to dismiss any research. The more indicators there are, surely this adds to the body of knowledge.

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    • John
      This is a very small study to give any definitive conclusion that C-sections increase the risk of a baby developing allergies.I m not saying that it has no merits. Though it is often assumed that a study’s results are valid or conclusive just because the study is scientific, unfortunately, this is not the case. Researchers who conduct scientific studies are often motivated by external factors, such as the desire to get published, advance their careers, receive funding, or seek certain results. As a consequence, a significant number of scientific studies are biased and unreliable.Of the 1200 babies we don’t know the break down of how many we’re born by c-section and what percentage had allergies. There is so little data in the article it is plain stupid to draw any conclusions about it in your own personal circumstances.
      What I am sure of is that people that have babies with allergies and were born by C-section cannot attribute the allergy to the fact that the baby was not born by vaginal delivery based on reading this article. It is akin to Internet diagnosis.

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  • Don’t care, I’m still too posh to push! ;)

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  • I love how they say “exposure to bacteria in the birth canal” when what they mean is “baby’s head was pooped on by mommy during birth” which is apparently how nature intended you to get that initial seeding of “good” bacteria in your gut (you know, the stuff that you’d die without because you couldn’t digest your food?).

    No, not joking, here’s the study: http://journals.lww.com/jpgn/Fulltext/1999/01000/Fecal_Microflora_in_Healthy_Infants_Born_by.7.aspx

    And there’s more research about C-sections and immune systems by the way, the research in this story isn’t new. From 2009:
    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090629081443.htm

    Reply
    • There seems to be an obvious solution……..

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    • Mark your knowledge of female anatomy is sadly lacking!!!

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    • Cliodhna, my view of the actual birth process was quite unimpeded last time round because I was undrugged and upright and from my own observations, it’s not just amniotic fluid and blood they’re wiping off baby before they put him on your tummy after the birth; but hey, if you want to argue that your yoga is *that* good that you had a better view then I had, and a better view than the medical researchers who wrote that paper, you go right on ahead. I’ll be over here, listening intently to your every word.

      Honest I will. Just ignore the mobile phone I’m holding, I’m just taking notes so that I can remember everything you say later on….

      ….fecking pigs, why can’t I get another exploding bird instead of these stupid blue three-bird things….

      …no, no, you carry on, I’m listening, every word, uh-huh….

      Reply
    • siobeli 25/02/13 #

      Oh mark, you are reminding me of a expectant father who told the ante natal class about this research…I’m still giggling at the midwife’s response…”I don’t think we will shouting poo, poo at the women in labour!!!” and the look of sheer mortification on his partners face.

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    • There wasn’t much need for shouting as I recall, with the epidural and the sheer pressure, poo just happens and you just get on with it!

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    • Mark, which orifice on a woman’s body do you think the poo comes out of?

      And which one does the baby come out of?

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    • Mark
      I’m a midwife I can assure no woman poops on her baby in labour as they come out above the anus but hey you may know something I don’t I only catch babies everyday :o)

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    • Whatever you say there Cliodhna. I mean, there’s research published in peer reviewed journals, but since that’s the kind of thing that gets ignored in the Mater* I suppose you could ignore it too. I mean, what would the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology know, eh? And as for my having actually seen it happen from a range of about two feet while rather focussed on what I was looking at… well, I’ve got a penis. What could I possibly know about something I saw at close range, eh?

      * yes, it does. Three seperate studies in three seperate journals (the journal of midwifery, the JAMA and the Lancet) all stating that if you don’t cut the umbilical until after it stops pulsing (about 3-5 minutes) there are significant statistical reductions in illnesses in the first two years of life regardless of ethnicity or socioeconomic background. But hey, if a parent says “don’t cut the cord”, ignore them because what the heck would they know?

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    • I don’t work in the Mater Mark, we practice delayed cord clamping but I was responding to your comment where you stated women poo on their baby in labour it’s a physical impossible. And for the record the midwife is closer to the delivery than any birth partner sorry to shatter your illusions.

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    • Mark
      Delayed cord clamping is standard practice in maternity hospitals unless the baby is comprised at birth and needs immediate resuscitation then it’s not done in order to save the babies life. I don’t know your personal experience of labour but as long as your baby arrived alive healthy and safetly into the world I believe you have a lot to be thankful for that’s all any of us midwives want for the couples in our care.

      Reply

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