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THE DEVELOPERS OF the delayed and over-budget National Children’s Hospital appeared before an Oireachtas Committee this morning.
The National Paediatric Hospital Development Board (NPHDB) faced questions from TDs and Senators in the Health Committee about the status of the project, which is years overdue and seen its approved budget reach €2.2 billion.
It was previously due to be completed in 2020 at a budget of €650 million.
Here’s how the session played out:
25 Sep 2024
9:16AM
Good morning from The Journal.
The Oireachtas Committee on Health is convening today to discuss the state of the new National Children’s Hospital – four years after it was originally scheduled to be completed – and extract answers from developers about the delay and overspend.
Representatives of the National Paediatric Hospital Development Board (NPHDB), which is responsible for getting the hospital up and running, are expected to take a critical view of the progress made by construction company BAM.
The committee hearing will be live from 9.30am and is available to watch on Oireachtas TV. We’ll be liveblogging the meeting here on The Journal to bring you all the important updates.
25 Sep 2024
9:34AM
As we wait for the meeting to get underway, let’s recap some of the recent developments.
BAM responded to say that it had reviewed Donnelly’s letter and “rejects in the strongest terms the misleading, ill-informed and incorrect allegations levelled against it”.
In a statement to The Journal, a spokesperson for BAM said it “goes without saying that we reject the suggestion that BAM is showing a ‘complete disregard for sick children’ in the strongest possible terms”.
25 Sep 2024
9:39AM
I visited the site of the hospital for The Journal in 2022. At that time, inflation and supply chain issues due to the the war in Ukraine were blamed for challenges in the hospital’s development but a representative still said it was aiming to finish construction by the end of 2023 and open its doors in 2024. That date has been well missed.
The committee hearing has now started. Chief Officer David Gunning is making his opening statement.
Spending: As of the end of August 2024, €1.478 billion has been spent on the hospital, including VAT, Gunning confirms.
Oireachtas TV
Oireachtas TV
25 Sep 2024
9:45AM
Delays: Gunning says that construction company BAM has deferred the expected substantial completion date 14 times over the life of the project.
In the last 12 months, Gunning says, BAM has shifted the date four times, pushing out completion date by eight months. It is currently communicating June 2025 as the expected date.
Gunning says the NPHDB “will not accept” BAM’s “ongoing deferral dates”.
25 Sep 2024
9:50AM
“As of today, not one room has been fully completed in line with the standard and finish as set out in the contract,” Gunning says.
BAM has offered more than 3,ooo clinical spaces as complete but they are not up to the necessary standard, he says.
“The state is paying for a high standard building complete to the level designed and I assure you that we will not accept anything less.”
25 Sep 2024
9:52AM
In a bid to compel BAM to fulfil its obligations, Gunning says, the NPHDB is withholding 15% of certified payments due to the company.
With Gunning’s opening statement finished, politicians on the committee will now have their turn to put questions to him, starting with Fine Gael Senator Martin Conway, who wants to know what the Board expects the final topline cost of the hospital to be.
The €2.2 billion figure is still the working figure, Gunning says. €1.88 billion of that is linked directly to the NPHDB and the remainder is related to Children’s Health Ireland. On the NPHDB side, Gunning says, he is “confident” that the €1.88 billion amount will be sufficient to complete its work.
Conway is not quite convinced, putting it to Gunning that he had previously been satisfied with the former budget for the hospital’s development, which has now been far surpassed – “So, why are you so confident now that €1.88 billion is enough?”
Gunning says the building of the hospital is 94% complete and that the financial picture is clearer as it approaches the end stages of development.
Fine Gael Senator Martin Conway Oireachtas TV
Oireachtas TV
25 Sep 2024
10:05AM
Lack of confidence: Chief Officer David Gunning says he cannot assure the committee that he is confident the new scheduled completion date of June 2025 will be met.
Sinn Féin TD and health spokesperson David Cullinane says he is “sick” of the “fiascos” surrounding the hospital.
Sinn Féin TD David Cullinane Oireachtas TV
Oireachtas TV
25 Sep 2024
10:18AM
Cullinane puts it to Gunning that it may not be within his ability to say there will be no additional budget needed for the project because a court may decide to approve extra claims put in by BAM.
Gunning responds that the board will be “robustly defending” any additional spending claims by BAM.
25 Sep 2024
10:24AM
Cullinane turns now to Phelim Devine, the Board’s Project Director, to ask if he can explain the assertion that not a single clinical space in the hospital is fully finished.
“It strikes people as incredible that not one room is complete. What does that mean? People want it explained because they can’t get their head around it,” Cullinane says.
Devine outlines:
A design team has inspected in detail 500 of the 3,000 rooms that BAM has offered as finished
The team has found an average of 13 to 15 defects per room
“These aren’t scuffs of paint or scuffs on the floor,” Devine says
Some of the issues identified have been with fire sealing around doors, ventilation, and insulation, among other problems
25 Sep 2024
10:29AM
Gunning tells Fianna Fáil TD John Lahart, who is now in the questioning seat, that he had a one-on-one meeting with BAM’s Ireland chief executive two weeks ago.
He declined to go into details but said that the meeting involved conversations about resourcing. The ultimate question was: “When are we getting our hospital? We want to know when we’re getting our hospital.”
Social Democrats TD Róisín Shorthall raises BAM’s argument that the project has been delayed due to design changes, of which BAM says there have been over 23,000.
On the NPHDB side, Devine disputes how changes are being defined, saying that there have only been 449 change orders, adding that many of the changes BAM describes could have been minor updates to drawings.
However, Shorthall makes the point that a contractor has a legal right to make a claim for additional changes due to expenses (if, Devine contributes, they believe the cost of the change is more than €500).
Social Democrats TD Róisín Shorthall Oireachtas TV
Oireachtas TV
25 Sep 2024
10:45AM
Cost of claims: The value placed by BAM on the additional cost claims it’s making amount to €748 million, the committee hears.
25 Sep 2024
10:53AM
Jumping back to Gunning’s initial statement for a moment – here’s where you can read the full text of his opening remarks to the committee:
Opening statement of NPHDB Chief Officer David Gunning to the Oireachtas Committee on Health this morning as the committee meets to discuss the continued delays and overspend on the project pic.twitter.com/XBOd5hDb1j
Green Party TD Neasa Hourigan asks for more information about BAM’s applications to extend the timeline of the project.
Project Director Phelim Devine says a new baseline programme was submitted in 2023 but that it was determined that the programme was not compliant.
BAM has been asked to submit a new programme but it was found not to be compliant by an independent assessor, according to the NPHDB. A deadline by the assessor to provide a new programme has passed.
Green Party TD Neasa Hourigan Oireachtas TV
Oireachtas TV
Responding to questions from People Before Profit TD Gino Kenny, Gunning says that the amount of claims from the contractor are, from his perspective, “uncharted territory”.
“I have been involved in different businesses and projects around the world and I’ve never seen anything like this. This is uncharted territory from my experience.”
People Before Profit TD Gino Kenny Oireachtas TV
Oireachtas TV
Senator Seán Kyne asks if some of the delays to the project are due to the changes that BAM is claiming additional costs for.
Gunning says that if the NPHDB instructs additional workers and issues change orders, and if those changes have legitimate impact on the timeline, then it accepts that extension and pays for it, but says it disputes the amount of additional time that BAM is claiming necessary.
The NPHDB says that the number of additional days of work it believes it needs to pay for is fewer than 20 but BAM is claiming more than 700.
Fine Gael Senator Seán Kyne Oireachtas TV
Oireachtas TV
Here are some photos released by the project’s public relations agency showing parts of the hospital as of September 2024:
25 Sep 2024
11:32AM
Fine Gael TD Bernard Durkan says he accepts the NPHDB’s bona fides in replies to questions but that he would have liked to also hear BAM’s side.
Durkan said the to Board’s representatives that there are some people working in the construction industry “who would say that construction costs and building costs have increased by considerably more than it’s been suggested by you, in fairness to the contractor”.
“The contractor is not present – I think they should be present,” Durkan said. “The contractor has a different view which isn’t being heard.”
25 Sep 2024
11:40AM
Climate impact: Independent Senator Frances Black takes a different line of questioning, asking the NPHDB about the hospital’s embodied carbon – that is, the CO2 emissions that are produced due to the building’s construction.
Devine said he didn’t have the figure for the embodied carbon to hand but that he could come back to the senator with it.
He said the hospital construction has strived for sustainability – but he pointed out several instances where potential options were ultimately not taken up.
A district heating system, which “would have been a very great thing to achieve”, Devine said, “fell through”.
“We looked at solar PV panels at one stage but we only have one roof available, the roof where we have the helipad, so that won’t work,” he said, adding that it could potentially work somewhere else on the site in the future.
25 Sep 2024
11:42AM
The committee takes a break before another round of questioning.
On the BAM side – asked to provide a statement responding to the NPHDB’s claims, the contractor says it will respond after the committee has concluded. We’ll bring you that update when we have it.
25 Sep 2024
12:12PM
With questioning resumed, Sinn Féin TD David Cullinane wants to know how often the NPHDB meets with Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly.
Chief Officer David Gunning says that since May, the Board has formally met the minister twice.
25 Sep 2024
12:20PM
“At the coalface and on the ground, there are a lot of people turning up every day doing really good work, BAM and subcontractors, and making progress,” the committee hears from the NPHDB.
However, “we need a lot, lot more of them to get [the hospital] done”.
25 Sep 2024
12:43PM
As the meeting runs out of time, one of the last points discussed is again the matter of quality management.
“This is the issue: BAM offers something and we say it’s not ready, there are defects in it, go and fix it,” Gunning said.
“Then they come back and they offer it again, and it’s still not ready. And then they offer it a third time,” he said.
“We have to add additional resources in order to do that and I don’t think it’s right that the state should be picking up the cost of these additional resources to police the work of the main contractor.”
25 Sep 2024
12:48PM
Cathaoirleach Seán Crowe of Sinn Féin wraps up the meeting, thanking the members of the NPHDB for attending.
“The committee remains acutely concerned about the escalating cost of the project, the repeated delays in its construction, and the lack of definite timeline for the opening,” Crowe says.
“The committee will give further consideration as to how it will proceed with and interrogate this matter.”
He says that the committee has invited Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly to come before it in a public session to discuss the issue and is awaiting a response.
25 Sep 2024
5:33PM
BAM responds:
A few hours later, BAM has released a lengthy response to the discussions at the committee earlier, saying that it rejects the allegations made against it.
The construction company says it is currently conducting works that are necessary to correct design errors identified by the NPHDB’s design team in January.
Fixing the errors involves, it says, the removal and relocation of thousands of ceiling-mounted services such as smoke detectors, light sensors, CCTV cameras, emergency signage and sprinkler heads, and the majority of ceilings in the hospital are affected.
“The scale of the change is reflected in the fact that, having discovered these issues in January 2024, the NPHDB’s design team was only in a position to instruct the required scope of work in May, after an intense period of design review to attempt to identify all of the issues,” BAM says.
It describes the ceilings works as “critical activity” and the “substantive cause of the delay which has occurred since January 2024″.
25 Sep 2024
5:37PM
Design changes:
The BAM statement says the company has received “over 23,900 new and revised drawings, sketches and BIM models and schedules for the project”, calling it “an unprecedented volume of change, particularly when considering the project had been under design for over eight years by the time the instruction to commence Phase B was issued”.
“The Board claimed BAM had supplied it with thousands of new designs. These are only a consequence of the client-initiated changes as we seek to process them and get the work done,” it says.
It also says the design of the project should have been complete, but was not, when BAM was instructed to begin Phase B construction works in January 2019.
25 Sep 2024
5:40PM
Finish date:
BAM claims it provided a “detailed” programme to the NPHDB detailing the impact of the ceiling works and movement of the finish date to June 2025.
“In July, BAM notified the Employers Representative and the NPHDB that the completion date would need to move out to June 2025, and BAM provided a detailed, logic-linked programme clearly explaining the impact of the ceiling design errors,” it says.
Claims:
“BAM has tried on multiple occasions to reach a settlement with the Board on outstanding claims, but this has been unsuccessful. The mediation process must restart as soon as possible and we urge the Board to engage with us,” the statement says.
“The claims process as set out in the contract requires BAM to submit claims on an itemised basis, a process which forces duplication. BAM is only seeking the amount it is fairly due.
“The conciliator’s decision in May 2024 to award BAM €107m and a 13-month extension to the completion date dealt with all claims for the time period it covered, December 2019-February 2023 and removed any element of duplication.”
Changes to theatre grilles:
“Under the terms of the contract, BAM was required to submit a claim for the scope of work as originally requested by the NPHDB,” BAM says.
“This scope was significantly larger and more invasive than was ultimately required, and BAM and its supply chain played a critical role in developing a more straightforward redesign which could be delivered at a fraction of the initially anticipated cost.
“The Minister incorrectly claims these works were not completed by BAM. They were, and BAM is not seeking payment for this additional work beyond the material costs already incurred.”
25 Sep 2024
5:44PM
Quality:
Earlier, the NPHDB said that BAM had handed over 3,000 rooms as ‘complete’ but that significant flaws were subsequently found in many of the rooms.
BAM is disputing this, calling it a ‘misrepresentation’ and saying it is fully confident in the quality of its construction work.
“To be clear, none of the 3,000 rooms reference by the Board were handed over as ‘completed’ and, in many cases, cannot be handed over as such, due to ongoing remediation works on the reflected ceiling plans,” the BAM statement says.
“The handover of rooms and de-snagging of minor issues is a routine element of the project which has clearly been affected by the level of client-instructed change. This is a process, not a one-off event, and rooms are never presented as final until the completed building is handed over to the customer.”
25 Sep 2024
5:49PM
BAM says it wants the NPHDB to engage with it and restart a mediation process.
It also intends to write to the Minister for Health and the Taoiseach to set out its issues with the points raised by Donnelly in his recent letter.
25 Sep 2024
5:51PM
That’s it from us for this liveblog on today’s Health Committee’s hearing. We’ll continue to have more coverage of the National Children’s Hospital on our site as new developments arise.
Thanks for reading.
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@Nigel Hayden: I really hope they do a proper review of this whole project from conception to completion.
In my experience it’ll probably reveal sizable imcompetance on the HSE side in relation to how to provide proper information to the design team as to what is required on the project from a clinical point of view and further incompetance as to what they are signing up to in the contract.
I have no doubt BAM have a team of Quantity Surveyors who know exactly what they priced for and what is in the contract and no amount of heart-string-tugging politicians with an agenda pretending they care about the children will change that.
@Stanley Marsh: exactly. They blame BAM for delays and overspending because that’s sounds beautiful for the public opinion. But all changes and work delay related issues are documented and can reveal who are to blame for them.
@Stanley Marsh: Did the HSE have a competent person/team overseeing this project from the beginning. If so, they should have seen the issues that were putting up the price and intervened .
@Nigel Hayden: Who signs a contract for anything, let alone a hospital, let alone largest capital project in the state, let alone it be for children’s health without any idea of what the final cost will be, or when the job will be finished?
china built a hospital in 10 days by 12 thousands worker and engineers cost 150 million dollars
Egypt built a largest best children’s hospital in Africa cost 250 million dollars in 3 years
spain , University Hospital of Toledo (The infrastructure offers an 853-bed capacity, 250 outpatient and examination rooms and 25 operating rooms, among other facilities. It also features a heliport and over 1,800 parking spaces.)
irelans bike shelter cost 350K
@sakk sa: China is complete trash, all their infrastructure are now crumbling. Most of their new bridges are collapsing or close to. Their high speed rail isn’t great either since it vibrates so much people fall. Don’t compare anything to China, it’s trash, period.
@Alex: have you ever been to China ?
I lived there for a year and their infrastructure is not collapsing their bridges and motorways are second to none. You’re probably typing in a laptop or smart phone that was made un China.
A little envious that they can build things faster and quicker than us?
@Shaun Gallagher: no you can’t do that, it will only make it worse when they find out that everything was wrong and that nobody knew what was happening (only BAM) they will ask for a tribunal to be formed with them on it, then the children’s hospital will look like small change
Don’t see any point in this as there is no any real responsibility if you steal beautifully something like half a billion or more. That is already called “overspending” or some other word. Stealing billions using schemes is much safer than to steal something in a shop where you will be straight away charged and bright before the court.
Thessaloniki Pediatric Hospital, Greece: This hospital is under construction and is expected to be completed by Q4 2026. The project involves a 37,500 square meter facility with 242 beds and is estimated to cost around $181 million (EUR 150 million)!!!!!!!
It should have been a square building in a green field from the start. Not an oval in an already congested area. Just like the bike shed, it will never change.
Can’t wait for the building of the new Metro to start, as the cost overruns for that should be spectacular. Guaranteed it will be the most expensive metro in the world ever.
@The Firestarter: it is already the most expensive improbability in the world.
We’re in for a good long ride. Not looking forward to the consultant reports for the 2nd line, when it will be talked about in 50-60 years
@The Firestarter: the person they have put in charge of that is from New Zealand, where, yes you guessed it, they built the most expensive metro in the world. They seem to be able to build infrastructure on the continent on time and on budget but then they don’t get outside consultants involved,.unlike Ireland, UK and basically the whole English speaking world.
Quick google of BAM financials show that the UK arm of the company is in the red since February. I suspect we are bailing them out, like after the hospital mess, who gave them the contract for the bridge?
So what they are saying is that there has been no dedicated person/project manager from the government to oversee that build and that said government play only a reactive role??
Just look at how children with scoliosis needing surgery are treated in Ireland by our government, and you will soon figure out who has a complete disregard for sick children with a horrendous track record going back decades, and it’s not BAM.
@John Dennehy: yes funny how CHI are involved in new hosp, and can’t run the ones already open. Leaving kids without options regarding scoliosis surgeries.
Scapegoats, it is the government’s fault for allowing it to run out if control. The world’s most expensive medical facility but not even close to being the most advanced, we really are a bunch of greedy good for nothings, you get what you vote for but deserve what you tolerate.
Turn the building into apartments and put the new hospital on a green field site off the M50 where everyone in the country has access. Take it out of its present jungle. Square buildings costs less and also plenty of space for parking and helicopter landing of all sizes. Able to extend in the future if need be also on a green field site.
This project is sick as it now stands.
No accountability. Simon Harris and Bertie and all the politicians of the last decade including the present….independents and all should be so ashamed of themselves. It’s one fiasco after another and all we hear is it won’t happen again. Well it keeps happening. Voting machines…printer…hospital…the shed and much much more.
We look like a very corrupt country so much so that countries that we all know are corrupt wouldn’t get a look in.
I’m sick of all this unaccountability and politicians getting large salaries and massive pensions and not doing the work for the citizens of this country. Shameful.
I’m currently sitting in crumln hospital with a sick 8 year old boy with bowel issues. To not have the decency of a private toilet has robbed him of his dignity & privacy not to mention the major inconvenience of dragging wires and drips to a public toilet every 5mins. Only when a situation knocks on your doorstep do you realise how bad our children’s hospitals are. Let’s not talk about the lack of parking or charges. This last week has made me reflect on the building delays above, so it breaks my heart for the next poor kid & family that has to go through what we & so many others are currently going through. Shameful is the only word I have.
@Jack Cass: there not stupid. They’ll make multiples of what they would get in a civil case in there first “extra” on the next gig the get from the Givernment!
We are failing our children by allowing this corruption to happen and continue, I don’t understand how we can have protests for everything else but not the elephant in the room.
Whenever it is finished for whatever the price the people who will work there will now be able to afford accommodation around the area. It should never have been but there and the next generations of Irish have to pay for it and wonder why. JOKE
They announced this hospital when I was a kid, I might be able to bring my kids while they’re actually kids but at this rate my grandkids will be more likely to get it
Too invested now to back out…. Be cheaper to cancel the BAM contract and hire a Chinese firm to complete the job… Be done in no time and probably won’t cost another 1-2 billion to complete… This is the most expensive building ever built…. And it’s not even near completion…
We all know it will be at least two years, maybe three, before any patients are admitted and by then, the cost will have increased to an outrageous amount.
RTE 725mill, the Bike shed 336K, security hut 1.429mill, fitness 190k, children’s hospital 2.2bill+
And as we know from past experience these figures will “grow” When does it end?
Is there a bike shed attached to this hospital? A security hut? In fairness that might partially explain the cost overruns. It’s still value for money.
@Quinny: Not a chance of being charged and brought to court for stealing in a shop. Same lack of application of law for all. We are a very fair country
What a disaster complete incompetence on the government’s behalf this government are more worried about us knowing our pro-nouns and genders their non logical lefty leaning brains are incapable of enforcing a budget they wouldn’t run a sweet shop for a start all the staff would have to come from a diverse background to comply with The Woke agenda. BAM must have rubbing their hands with glee to have to deal with a bunch of half-witts. I mean 360000 for a bike shed For f@ck sake out with the lot root and branch reform.
What is the point of tds asking questions of people who, themselves, haven’t a clue, what is going on. There are more experts inverted commas who get paid bit bucks just to run rings around the planning process.
Simon Harris, who only did leaving cert, no building knowledge, unless lego counts.
Signed off on this.
The civil servants getting big bucks haven’t a clue. We can see that with the bike shed and now hut, the printer, etc.the list is endless.
No accountability, no expert to counter question bam, from outside Ireland. If I hear complex or complicated one more time. And where did all the vents go that were not used, for example, where they returned, and credit given.thats what happens with even small builders. But not a mention of any recouping in overspend. Sick of this crap.
Jesus Christ. Finish the feckin thing and then list and name every single person who was responsible for the delays abs you ver expenditure asap!! Accountability please ffs!! It’s getting so farcical. Our entire country is a joke!! It’s a hospital, to HELP CHILDREN FFS!!
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Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects. This can for example be used to adapt the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find (non-advertising) content that matches your interests.
Measure advertising performance 138 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for you or other users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For instance, whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led you to buy a product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of advertising campaigns.
Measure content performance 63 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g. reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance, whether you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a product description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you visit etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of (non-advertising) content that is shown to you.
Understand audiences through statistics or combinations of data from different sources 78 partners can use this purpose
Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising) content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain contents).
Develop and improve services 86 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or improvement of user profiles and identifiers.
Use limited data to select content 37 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).
Use precise geolocation data 49 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500 metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Actively scan device characteristics for identification 27 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Ensure security, prevent and detect fraud, and fix errors 95 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery of content and ads and in your interaction with them.
Deliver and present advertising and content 102 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.
Match and combine data from other data sources 73 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Link different devices 54 partners can use this feature
Always Active
In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet connection on both devices).
Identify devices based on information transmitted automatically 92 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the purposes exposed in this notice.
Save and communicate privacy choices 72 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals (such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this service and those entities to respect such choices.
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